LEARNING ENGLISH
Assalammu'alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh,
Haiii! selamat datang kembali di blog islamifauzi.com ! dalam kesempatan kali ini saya akan posting tentang macam-macam tenses, active-passive, comparison degree,direct-indirect sentence dan if clause. Oke langsung saja kita menuju pembahasan.
1.) Tenses
a.) Simple Present Tense
Present Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian sekarang atau kejadian yang biasa terjadi sehari-hari. Contohnya : I study english everyday , You have a breakfast every morning, Ronaldo plays football every week, Ozil is a proffesional football player.
Nah temen2 bisa liat dari contoh di atas, kalau setiap kalimat di atas memiliki pola, bagaimana polanya ? Nah berikut pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + verb 1 / to be ( is,am,are)
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + (do/does) /to be + not + verb 1/adjective
[? INTROGRATIVE] : ( do/does)/to be + subject + verb 1
*NOTE :
- Penggunaan do atau does pada kalimat positive tidak diperlukan kecuali hanya untuk penekanan bahwa harus melakukan hal itu
- Penggunaan do atau does tergantung siapa subjectnya ( he,she,it menggunakan does dan i, you, they, we menggunakan do )
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) I play football.
2.) He says something.
3.) They are good people.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) You are not a bad boy.
2.) He does not read the announcement.
3.) I am not crazy.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Do you agree with me ?
2.) Does she has some pencils ?
3.) Are you mad at me ?
b.) Present Progressive Tense / Present Continuous Tense
Present Progressive Tense / Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di detik sekarang. Contohnya : I am writing on this book, She is singing in front of the class, They are playing football.
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + to be ( is,am,are) + verb 1 -ing*NOTE :
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + to be + not + verb 1 -ing
[? INTROGRATIVE] : to be + subject + verb 1 -ing
- Verb 1 -ing biasa juga disebut dengan istilah present participle.
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) I am playing football now.
2.) He is calling his friend.
3.) They are coming here.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) You are not listening the teacher.
2.) He is not riding his bicycle.
3.) She is cooking.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Is he trying his best ?
2.) Are you writing a short story right now ?
3.) Am i doing wrong ?
Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang akan terjadi atau menceritakan sebuah rencana. Contohnya : I will go to jogjakarta next year, She will be mine, They will stay here.
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + will/shall + verb 1
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + will/shall + not + verb 1
[? INTROGRATIVE] : will/shall + subject + verb 1
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) It will rain.
2.) You will see the result.
3.) She will be loved.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) She will not stay.
2.) I will go to school.
3.) We shall not go from here.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Will you marry me ?
2.) Shall we do this ?
3.) Will she stay here ?
*NOTE :
- Perbedaan shall dan will hanya berada pada penggunaan antara british english dan american english. Kita terbiasa menggunakan american english, jadi penggunaan shall tidak terlalu sering digunakan. Namun jika british english menggunakan shall digunakan pada subject I dan We.
d.) Simple Perfect Tense
Simple Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau namun masih berlangsung di masa sekarang atau masih terasa efeknya di masa sekarang. Contohnya : I have read this book, She has had his piece of heart, We has been together since 20 years.
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + auxiliary verb ( has/have ) + verb 3
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + auxiliary verb ( has/have ) + not + verb 3
[? INTROGRATIVE] : Auxiliary verb + subject + verb 3
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) I have had what i want of this written list
2.) Ozil has been in arsenal since 3 years.
3.) Bambang Pamungkas has had many achivement as long as his career as football player.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) He has not paid it.
2.) We have not finished this task at all.
3.) The mechanic has not fixed my car.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Have you ever felt like this ?
2.) Has she gone to there ?
3.) Has he said it to the teacher ?
*NOTE :
- Verb 3 atau biasa disebut past participle digunakan pada tenses ini
- Penggunaan Has digunakan oleh subjek he, she. it dan Have digunakan oleh subjek i, you, we, they.
e.) Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang sudah terjadi di waktu lampau. Contohnya : Indonesia was colonized by netherland for 350 years, I said something to you yesterday, She went to my home this morning.
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + verb 2 / to be
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + verb 2 / to be + not
[? INTROGRATIVE] : Did + verb 1 + subject
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) Germany was the champion of the world cup 3 years ago.
2.) I stayed at home last week.
3.) He did his homework lastnight.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) It did not work.
2.) They were not here yesterday.
3.) He swam in the swimmping pool this morning.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Did you buy the bag ?
2.) Did she has to read this yesterday ?
3.) Did you know about the tragedy in 1998 ?
*NOTE :
- Kita harus hafal beberapa jenis irregular verb dalam bentuk ke-2
- To be yang dipakai adalah was untuk subjek i,he,she,it dan were untuk subjek they, we, you.
f.) Past Future Tense
Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian pada pembuatan rencana dalam perspektif waktu di masa lampau. Contohnya :
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + would + verb 1 atau Subject + to be ( was / were ) + going to + verb 1
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + would+ not + verb 1 atau Subject + to be ( was / were ) + not + going to + verb 1
[? INTROGRATIVE] : Would + subject + verb 1 atau Was/Were + subject + going to + verb 1
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) I would stay for you.
2.) She would stay for me.
3.) We were going to be together.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) It would not work well.
2.) They would not understand you.
3.) We were not going to there.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Would you leave from this place ?
2.) Was she going to give this thing ?
3.) Were you going to arrive here on time ?
*NOTE :
- Would adalah bentuk kedua dari modal will.
g.) Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau sebelum ada kejadian selanjutnya. Contohnya : My mother had slept before my grandma come.
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + had + verb 3 ( past participle )
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + had + not + verb 3
[? INTROGRATIVE] : Had + subject + verb 3
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) My robot had damaged before it was taken by you.
2.) Spain had been a champion in euro 2008 before they was a champion in world cup 2010.
3.) They had had this kind of book before i bought it.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) I had not been like this since you came here then.
2.) You had not trusted anyone before.
3.) He had not known the fact.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Had you ever been here ?
2.) Had she realize how i love her ?
3.) Had my teacher ever said like that ?
h.) Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang sedang terjadi prosesnya di masa lampau. Contohnya : I was reading that book yesterday, My parents were attending the annual ceremony of my school.
Pola sederhananya :
[+ POSITIVE] : Subject + was/were + verb 1 -ing
[- NEGATIVE] : Subject + was/were + not + verb 1 -ing
[? INTROGRATIVE] : Was/were + subject + verb 1 -ing
Contoh :
[+ POSITIVE] :
1.) Elliot was hacking the system of that company last month.
2.) Fauzi was learning something out of the box which he never learn before.
3.) They were trying to accomplish the training.
[- NEGATIVE] :
1.) He was not coming to your home lastnight.
2.) You were eating in the restaurant yesterday.
3.) She was not writing the message.
[? INTROGATIVE] :
1.) Was he being a volunteer ?
2.) Were they doing their tasks ?
3.) Were you calling her lastnight ?
2.) Active-Passive
Sebenarnya pada materi Tenses sudah diberikan contoh kalimat aktif itu seperti apa, namun di bahasan kali ini akan kita bahas lebih detail. Dalam kalimat aktif ini, kata kerja bersifat aktif dalam artian subjek melakukan itu tanpa ada penekanan berlebih mengenai kata kerja. Sedangkan pada kalimat pasif lebih ditekankan pada kegitan apa yang dilakukan oleh subjek, bukan subjeknya yang ditekankan pada kalimat ini.
- Simple Present Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + V1 + O
Example : I love you. <--- kenapa harus i love u sih ??? wkwk baper dikit lah.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + to be ( is, am, are ) + Verb 3 + by + O
Example : My motorcycle is taken by him.
- Simple Past Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + V2 + O
Example : I bought a car.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + to be ( was/were ) + Verb 3 + O
Example : The bank was robbed by the robber.
- Present Continuous Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + to be + V1 -ing + O
Example : They are calling us.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + to be ( is, am, are ) + being + verb 3 + by + O
Example : The book is being brought by me.
- Present Perfect Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + have/has + V3 + O
Example : Many people in the world have spoken english.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + have/has + been + verb 3 + by + O
Example : You have been waited by us.
- Present Future Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + have/has + V3 + O
Example : Many people in the world have spoken english.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + have/has + been + verb 3 + by + O
Example : You have been waited by us.
- Past Perfect Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + had + V3 + O
Example : Usain Bolt had won the olympics game for sprint.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + had + been + verb 3 + by + O
Example : He had been fired by his boss last year.
- Past Continuous Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + to be ( was/were ) + verb 1 -ing
Example : I was drinking mineral water yesterday.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + to be ( was/were) + being + verb 3 + by + O
Example : They were being talked about by us
- Past Future Tense
Active :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + would + verb 1
Example : I would forgive you.
Passive :
Pola sederhananya adalah : S + would be + verb 3 + by + O
Example : The book would be written by me.3.) Comparison Degree
Comparison Degree adalah susunan kalimat yang menunjukkan sebuah perbandingan antara hal yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam kalimat perbandingan ini dibagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu Positive Degree, Comparative Degree, dan Superlative Degree. - Positive Degree
Digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu tanpa ada perbandingan antara 2 hal.
Pola : S + to be + as + adjective + as + O
Contoh : I am as smart as B.J Habibie - Comparative Degree
Digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu tanpa ada perbandingan antara 2 hal.
Pola : S + to be + adj. + -er ( if 1 or 2 syllabels ) / more ( if > 2 syllabels ) + than + O
Contoh :
1-2 Syllabels : She is smarter than him.
> 2 Syllabels : He is more handsome than you. - Superlative Degree
Digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang "paling" dalam suatu hal. Entah itu paling pintar, paling rajin, paling cantik, dan paling hebat.
Pola : S + to be + adj. + -est ( if 1 or 2 syllabels ) / most ( if > 2 syllabels ) + than + O
Contoh :
1-2 Syllabels : Elephant is the biggest mamalia who live in the land.
> 2 Syllabels : You are the most beautiful girl in this school.
4.) Direct - Indirect Speech
Direct Speech adalah bentuk kalimat yang melaporkan apa yang sudah dikatakan orang lain atau ditulis orang lain dengan mengutip pernyataan tersebut. Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah bentuk kalimat yang diubah format penyampaiannya agar lebih mudah dimengerti oleh pendengar. - Direct Speech
Contoh :
1.) She says, " will you marry me ? " -----> Question
2.) They say, " you'll be a rising star " -----> Statement
3.) " Open the door, please! ", said Andhika. -----> Imperative - Indirect Speech
Contoh :
1.) She said that would you marry her ? -----> Question
2.) They said that you would be a rising star. -----> Statement
3.) Andhika requested to me to open the door . -----> Imperative
Conditional Tense atau juga bisa disebut if clause adalah bentuk kalimat yang menunjukkan pengandaian seseorang akan keadaan tertentu. Berdasarkan keadaannya, Conditional Tense dibagi menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu type 1, type 2 dan type 3.
- Type 1, digunakan untuk pengandaian yang sifatnya mungkin terjadi.
Pola sederhananya : If + simple present tense , simple future tense
Contoh : If I learn english continuosly, I will understand english well. - Type 2, digunakan untuk pengandaian yang sifatnya hanyalah sebuah khayalan dan kemungkinan kecil akan terjadi bahkan mustahil.
Pola sederhananya : If + simple past tense + O , S + would + verb 1
Contoh : If I were superman, I would save the world from the wickedness.
* NOTE : apapun subjeknya tetap menggunakan were sebagai to be. - Type 3, digunakan untuk pengandaian yang sifatnya adalah penyesalan karena hal itu sudah terjadi dan tidak mungkin terulang lagi.
Pola sederhananya : If + S + to be ( were ) + O , S + would have + verb 3
Contoh : If i had accepted that promotion , I would have been working in Berlin.
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